This tutorial covers the prompt and appropriate management of this neurological emergency in children.Status Epilepticus in Children (248) - January 30, 2012

Three case based discussions to stimulate youCerebral Challenge (247) - January 23, 2012

URTI is highly prevalent in the paediatric population and often poses a conundrum to clinicians involved with preoperative care. This tutorial discusses the additional risks posed, factors affecting the decision to proceed with surgery and the anaesthetic management of this group.Upper Respiratory Tract Infection and Paediatric Anaesthesia (246) - January 16, 2012

Part 1 of this tutorial series discussed the etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. This tutorial will discuss the treatment options for HIT and alternative anticoagulant therapy.Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia – part 2 (245) - December 19, 2011

In this follow on from ATOTW 223, the options for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the surgical population will be reviewed and evidence based VTE prophylaxis guidelines will be examined. Thromboprophylaxis in special groups, such as pregnant women and patients with renal failure will also be considered. Thromboprophylaxis – Part 2 (244) - December 12, 2011

Part 1 of this tutorial series will cover the etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. The second tutorial will discuss the treatment options for HIT and alternative anticoagulant therapy.Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia – part 1 (243) - December 5, 2011

Part one of this mini-series looks at blood groups, donation and crossmatching.Blood Transfusion Part 1 – The Basics (242) - October 24, 2011

This tutorial discusses the indications for, insertion of and care for tracheostomy, focussing on percutaneous tracheostomy in the critical care settingTracheostomy (241) - October 17, 2011

Renal failure (RF) is common in cirrhotic patients. Intensive care units frequently encounter patients with cirrhosis referred for organ support. Categorisation of renal failure, although sometimes difficult, is important for therapeutic and prognostic reasons and to support decision making.Hepatorenal syndrome (240) - October 10, 2011

The Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block is a local anaesthetic block used to provide analgesia to the anterior and lateral abdominal wall. This tutorial will outline the relevant anatomy, describe both landmark and ultrasound techniques, and discuss some of the evidence for their use.Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block (239) - September 5, 2011

Guillain Barre Syndrome is an autoimmune disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This tutorial describes evidence based critical care management of the condition.Guillain-Barre Syndrome (238) - August 29, 2011

This tutorial follows on from ATOTW 72 Anaesthesia for cleft lip and palate surgery. Airway complications, including airway obstruction are the most significant postoperative concerns. This article will focus on the aetiology and risk factors for airway complications after cleft palate (CP) repair and address ways in which they may be prevented or managed. Postoperative airway complications after cleft palate surgery (237) - August 22, 2011

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome associated with poor health outcomes. This tutorial looks at assessment of frailty and its impact on anaesthetic conductFrailty in Anaesthesia (236) - August 15, 2011

Worldwide, sepsis is among the leading causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. This tutorial explores the early recognition, diagnosis and management of sepsis and septic shock in pregnancy.Maternal Sepsis (235) - August 8, 2011

This tutorial explains that pain resulting from nerve injury, or neuropathic pain is produced from a differnt mechanism from pain due trauma. The physiology of the condition, and the clinical pharmacology are described. How to diagnose and asses the patient with neuropathic pain are covered and there is a brif introduction to non pharmacological forms of treatment.Neuropathic Pain (234) - August 1, 2011

Interscalene blocks can provide excellent anaesthesia and/or analgesia for operations on the distal clavicle, shoulder and proximal arm.This article describes the anatomy and technique of ultrasound guided interscalene block.Ultrasound Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block (233) - July 25, 2011

Delirium is a common and important complication of critical illness. It is associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality as well as longer hospital stays and higher treatment costs. This article will provide an evidence based review of this condition including its diagnosis, prevention and treatment.Delirium in Critical Care (232) - July 18, 2011

This concluding part of the pair of tutorials looking at the physiology of blood will cover the complex processes involved in haemostasis.Blood Physiology – part 2 (231) - July 11, 2011

Adjuvants are drugs that increase the efficacy or potency of other drugs when given concurrently. This tutorial aims to summarise some of the adjuvant agents that are in common use in neuraxial anaesthesia and analgesia.Neuraxial adjuvants (230) - July 4, 2011

Phantom pain is a common and frequently difficult to treat sequelae of amputation. This tutorial reviews current knowledge of the condition and its management.Phantom Pain (229) - June 27, 2011

This tutorial outlines the pathophysiology and describes basic anaesthetic management of patients with pulmonary hypertensionAnaesthesia for the Patient with Pulmonary Hypertension (228) - June 20, 2011

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in the peri-operative period, previously known as acute renal failure (ARF), is a common clinical complication, however its diagnosis is often delayed and it is frequently managed sub-optimally causing a significant effect on morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that even small, transient rises in creatinine are associated with an increased risk of death. AKI needs prompt early diagnosis in order to prevent a decline in renal function.Peri-operative renal dysfunction (227) - June 13, 2011

Basic science and clinical aspects of adrenaline Adrenaline (Epinephrine) 226 - June 6, 2011

Massive haemoptysis is a rare but life threatening event. This tutorial discusses management and investigation of it.Massive Haemoptysis (225) - May 30, 2011

Thoracic paravertebral blocks (TPVB) can be used for analgesia for abdominal, thoracic and breast surgery. Recent studies have suggested it may reduce the incidence of chronic pain and breast cancer recurrence. This article discusses the indications, anatomy and technique for TPVB.Paravertebral Block, Landmark Technique (224) - May 24, 2011

This, the first of a two part series will review thrombogenesis, identification of high risk population groups and treatment of thrombosis. The second tutorial will cover up to date recommendations regarding preventative strategies.Thromboprophylaxis – part 1 (223) - May 16, 2011

This is the first of two tutorials on blood physiology for the anaesthetist. This tutorial will outline the production and constituents of blood, as well as blood groups, gas transport and the role of blood in acid-base balance. The second tutorial will outline the complex processes involved in haemostasis.Blood Physiology – Part 1 (222) - May 9, 2011

A discussion of the effects and implications of smoking on anaesthesia.Smoking and Anaesthesia (221) - May 2, 2011

This article will review the basic principles underlying IABP counterpulsation, the device’s indications, contraindications, techniques for insertion and operating instructions. Understanding the basic principles, physiological effects, appropriate set-up and potential complications of the IABP are essential for improving patient outcomesIntra-aortic Balloon Pump Counter-pulsation (220) - April 25, 2011

TOF is the most common form of cyanotic heart disease. This tutorial discusses its presentation and treatment as well as longterm prognosis following surgical correction.Tetralogy of Fallot (219) - April 18, 2011